Unit+1

Unit 1 work

The Chesapeake Region
The Chesapeake Region surrounds the peninsula on which Jamestown, the english colony, was formed. the colonists thought it would be a good place to settle because of security. they could only be attacked from one side, because the other sides were surrounded by the bay. It ended up being a bad location because it was swampy and too hot in the summertime. There were to many woods to clear and malaria was spreading. There were also many Indian tribes around them that were powerful. It was important though because it was the site of the first successful in English colony in America. Eventually more settlers came and more colonies formed around the bay including Maryland and Virginia. they relied on agriculture, and the biggest cash crop they produced was tobacco. This led to desire for slave to work on these big tobacco plantations.The Head wright system caused land expansion and attracted more settlers. As the colonies expanded, native Americans started uprising to fight back for their land.

Anne Hutchinson and the Puritans
Anne Hutchinson was from Boston, MA and was a puriatn who was not afaid to challenge clergy and ministers who she believed didn't have the right to hold their office. She said they had not had a spiritual experience so they weren't qualified. She also challenge the role of women in a puritan society. She wasn't a common house wife but rather, a religous leaders. She had many women followers and wanted to change the government. She was later put on trial and banished.

Different Types of Colonies in America

 * 1) Royal - ruled and loyal to the king -govt appointed by king
 * 2) Proprietary - owned by companies (new England company etc.) - merchants privately owned
 * 3) Charted - governed by charter of regulations established by the king
 * 4) Self Governing - appoint own government - could decide on what religious colony would allow

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Chapter 3 Preview
Chapter 3 seems to mainly focus on the development of the english colonies, like new colleges being established and the rise in african slavery. Also the Great Awakening reaches the colony, which makes religion an even bigger part of the colonists' daily lives. Also other immigrants settle in North America including the scotch-Irish and German- Swiss.
 * 17th century - the non indian population in America grew to over a quarter of a million, and 25% was African slaves. This shoss that the colonists began to depended on slave labor more.
 * also by the late 17 century - the male to female ratio was more balanced. this was due more English women migrating and generation passing.
 * the average wife in the Chesapeake region got pregnant every 2 yrs and had about 8 children in all, but most likely about 5 of them died of the flu. this tells us that women wanted to have many children and their were not any affective medicines back then.
 * by the end of the 19 century over 11 million Africans had migrated to America due to slavery. The economy demanded more slave labor due to cotton plantations.
 * Nineteen people of Salem were put to death for witchcraft. it ended in 1692.

Birth and Death Rate Factors

 * advancement in medicine
 * immigration
 * slave trade
 * male to female sex ratio balance
 * natural increase
 * disease spread
 * immunity to diseases
 * life expectancy for men and women
 * scarce food
 * surplus of food
 * natural disasters
 * suicide rates
 * over population
 * war in country
 * infant mortality rate
 * physical environment
 * recession
 * government policy
 * taxes/ welfare policies
 * abortion laws/ legality
 * biotic/abiotic
 * backgrounds
 * status
 * age distribution
 * diet
 * religion

Social Mobility
Social mobility is the ability of an individual to go up or down in the social scale. In colonial times the aristocrats tended to not be as powerful because because America depended more on workers than ownership. This is because their was a lot of land but little people. This meant people in America had a chance to rise or drop in social status because the structure of America was the opposite from England. Today the rise or drop in social status depends on your race, income, and where you live. People at the top are still more likely to stay at the top, and people on the bottom are still more likely to stay at the bottom.

Ch3 Q3-6
[|piratepad.net c3q3-6]

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French and Indian War
The French and Indian War lasted nine years and was between the French, Native Americans, and the english (and colonies. The native Americans allied with th french and the colonists and the English together. The French had gained more land and were expanding which meant regional disputes with the English. The first phase of the war was when the colonists were defending themselves from native American raids. The second phase was when the seven years war broke out in Europe. After William Pitt took over being in charge of the war, England started to have the upper hand. The French were outnumber and suffered from a "small harvest.' The British finally won after the siege of Quebec. The Peace of Paris, in 1763 ended the war and gave England most of the french land. This meant that England now dominated the mainland of America. The French and Indian War also made England furious at the colonies for not helping them that much. They were in debt and didn't think they could rely on the colonies. This would lead to them establishing more authority over the colonies. The proclamation of 1763 also was made that limited the colonists westward expansion,setting aside land for the native Americans, but the colonists didn't really pay attention to it.

Map pg.111 North America in 1763

 * most controlled by Spain and Britain
 * a lot of today's Canada was unexplored
 * french only controlled to a small part of the Caribbean islands
 * small amount of Russian control (Alaska)
 * proclamation line of 1763 which limited the colonists west expansion
 * Hudson bay company had a lot of land control

Dec of Ind Wordle
media type="custom" key="7032249" This wordle shows the most commonly used words in the declaration of independence. These words all have to do with what the colonists were upset about British rule. The declaration of independence. For example the acts and laws placed on the colonies as well as the king's absolute power over them. They felt like they were not acknowledged when it came to these policies. They mention the word people a lot because it is the colonies as one who want to declare their independence.They want to establish their own independent country and states. They want to run their government differently than Britain due to their differences. The words allies and peace are also used, implying that America doesn't want a war with Britain.

Articles of Confederation powerpoint
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Assumptions of Republicanism pg 149
This is what the colonists wanted America to be but it didn't turn out this way. Their was the ideology of quality but that's not how things went down. There was a lot of white laborers in America which would be the opposite of a successful republican society. Also women didn't get the same rights as men and neither did native Americans and African Americans. This means that birth did determine someones role of society in early Americas. I think that equality was a good idea but although its the law it's not that way in reality. Also republicanism sort of sounds like capitalism because you have to work your way to the top even though this in untrue. If you are born at the top is more likely you'll stay at the top. Republicanism would be almost impossible when a country is starting out because they are usually filled with people who are not very wealthy and are trying to escape something. The wealthy are usually happy where they are so not a lot of them would migrate and lose the status of their wealth. I think that today equality is America is more pronounced because their are more opportunities even for the people who are not at the top, unlike back then.
 * active citizens, engaged in the political process
 * all power came from people rather than an absolute ruler like a king
 * successful if country full of independent property owners
 * unsuccessful if contained a few aristocrats and a lot of laborers
 * "equality" - place in society not decided by position at birth
 * earn success - equal opportunities not condition

[|classwork ch5 questions 1-3]



Centralization and Federalism of Power
Centralization is power over everyone and decentralization is like power over a certain area. For example national government and state government. Britain's government was an example of centralization because they controlled th entire country not representing sections. The state governments of the united states is decentralization because each government controls a certain area. When a country, like the united states has a national government and state government, powers must be divided in an orderly way. There are different laws in different states about schools and other local issues. The national government is in charge of all mail and post. -centralization- dictator, king, or congress, president -decentralized- city makes decisions(small decisions from smaller group) -schools- educational policies( state, national, local) -fed govt- currency, declare war -taxes- national, state, local -inner state trade/ national trade -age requirements: drinking, driving, smoking, voting -creating laws -elections Decentralization is when small decisions are made( city council, school council, mayor, stae govt) centralization is all decisions made on a larger scale(national govt)

relation to the northwest ordinance and shay's rebellion
northwest ordinance -estabished by congress -requirements for statehood and divided land -6500=state -freedom of religioun -right to trial by jury -dealed with by the national govt Shay's Rebellion -mobs of farmers -followed Daniel shays- captain of continental army(former- he was one during the war) -demanded tax relief, no imprisonment for tax debt, paper money, and help from gov'r to pay debts\ -stopped debts being collected and courts from imprisoning anyone -state militia men dealed with them

Two different examples of decentralized and centralized: land distribution(nw ordinance was dealed with be congress -shay's rebellion- dealed with by local state militia men