Unit+5

Chapter 21 The Rise of Progressivism
__progressivism__: __progressives__: the people working for reform/change __progressive era:__ time period of political and social innovation __mucksakers__:directed attention towards the political, social, and economical injustices of the country through journalism
 * is change and reform through governent action
 * response to modern problems in society(industrialization, urbanization
 * bad working conditions, corrupt gov't
 * belief of making improvements in society

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Chapter 21 Top 10 Key terms/concepts

 * **progressivism -** America was going through a period of improvement and reform in society; due to rapid industrialization/urbanization and the modern probblems that came with it
 * **muckrakers** - brought attention of the social, economic, and political injustices of urban life through journalism; brought the corruptions and scandals to public attention; expressed their belief in antimonoply
 * **social gospel** - protestant reform movement to redeem the cities; christian organization called salvation army helped urban poor; priest, ministers traveled to revive religious in urban areas; moral values back in city life
 * **"new women"** - technology made housework shorter/ easier; women looked outside of homes for things to do; organizations of club women got women involved in the reform; worked to outlaw alcohol and child labor; public space/group for women
 * **hull house -** houses made to 'americanize' immigrants; adopt to customs, language;hlped with their living conditions and got out of poverty; led to social work; created belife that midle class had responsiblity of making immigrants midlle class;
 * **party rule -** progressives worked to reform the government (party rule); set up commission plan, city manager plan; initiative and referendum, direct primary and recall systems for voting; decline of party rule because communities and businesses worked in industry groups representing their own interests
 * **professions -** social sciences created importance of higher education; a new middle class of skilled workers who would have licenses and degrees and having standards; led to American medical association and national association of manufacturers
 * **19th amendment** - long fight for women sufferage won; amendment in cinstituation (1920) that gave all women in the nation the right to vote
 * **NAACP -** national association of colored people; WEB Du Bois believed to raise blacks social status the most talented/skilled blacks should get colge education; get leadership and then get equality for all blacks
 * **WCTU -** women Christan temperance union led by Frances Williams; made the evils of alcohol public (violence, poverty, unemployment); led to 18th amendment that made sale/making of alcohol illegal

Chapter 22 Top 10 Key terms/concepts

 * **new nationalism** - teddy Roosevelt re-entered politics, run for president again; in his famous speech he talked about a set of principles called new nationalism that would abandon previous conservative beliefs and work for reform through a strong government that would help the welfare of the America people
 * **"new freedom**" - democrat Woodrow Wilson; idea od new freedom that was a progressive program to destroy 'bigness' and monopoly which he felt was inefficient an unjust
 * **federal aid to the west** - Roosevelt who was from the west worked to protect the wilderness in the west; natural resource policies for public reclamation and irrigation reclamation act (new lands act) gave funds to make dams, reservoirs, and canals
 * f**ederal reserve act** - created 12 regional banks that controlled separate banks in district; reserve assets which would be used for loans; federal reserve notes made it easier to shift funds to areas with problems
 * **child labor laws** -first attempt was keating owen act which regulated child labor, banned shipment of goods made by children; importance of congress regulating interstate commerce; law would be challenged in supreme court
 * **hetch hetchy controversy** - ten year battle between naturalists and advocates about building a dam for San Fransisco;approved after an earthquake; created a bigger group of naturalists determined to save national parks and natural resources in west
 * **panic of 1907** - stock market and baking system crashed when American industry produced to much ofor the domestic. foreign market;; conservatives blamed Roosevelt and drifted away from him
 * **Roosevelt civilization** - believed civilized nations were white and industrial and uncivilized counties were non white and depended on raw materials; civilized countries had right to interefere with uncivilized countries; increased power/size of us navy
 * **Roosevelt corollary-** stated that us had rigt to oppose European interfere with Latin America countries hat were unstable
 * **platt amendment-** us had right to stop foreign powers from interfering with new nations
 * issue || problem || reform efforts&achievements ||
 * womens rights and opportunities || Women had no voting rights; looking for something to do because children went to school at earlier ages and new technology made house work easier/faster || general federation of women's clubs was created, women could interact with pther women in their own public space, they worked for the rights of women including sufferage, abolishmnet of child labor and women trade unions; Also the 19th amendment was passed that gave all American women the right to vote ||
 * political corruption || fear of corporations and trusts that were inefficient; fear of party system; fear of concentrated economic power || progressive worked believed in anti monopoly and worked against bigness corporations; city managers and commission plans led to interest groups that declined the influence of parties because communities wanted to be represented for their own interest ||
 * alcohol/temperance || women tried to abolish alcohol because of the dangers it caused from their husbands: abuse, unemployment, and poverty || Women's Christian temperance union established; passed the eighteenth amendment that made the sale and manufacturing of alcohol in the united states illegal ||
 * profession expertise || Anyone could claim to be a skilled worker without having a degree or license, so it was hard to distinguish who was or wasn't a professional || American Medical Associational established and National Association of Manufacturers; professional societies pushed government to pass laws that made it so a person needed a license or degree to be considered a professional; promoted higher education and created a new middle class ||
 * environment || naturalists set out keep national parks standing as well as protecting natural resources in the west; teddy roosevelt wanted to 'preserve the natural world" || National Forest Service Created by Roosevelt; New lands act passed which funded dams, reservoirs, and canals; created reclamations and irrigation systems ||
 * immigration || lived inoverpopulated urban areas and wervictims of racism; low payed ad take advantage of at their jobs || city bosses and interest groups woked to help them; hull houses created to Americanize immigrants, middle class turned them into middle class as well; creation of social work ||
 * African americans || still subject to violence especially in over populated areas where they were now closer to white people, race riots and lynchings || WEB Du Bois believed that the talented/intelligent blacks should goto college and gain power and wealth, then they could help the rest of bblack society rise in social status; creation of NAACP strengthened black resisteance and challenged laws in supreme court 9segregatn, disenfranchment, grandather) ||
 * urban housing conditions || tenements were unsanitary and crowed environments || the socail gospel spread: christain organization called the salvation army worked to help the poor; women clubs helped pass policies that required new standards for urban housing ||
 * working conditions || long hours, cheap pay, no compensation || unions formed and sfor shorte hopusr and raise in pay; Roosevelt passed 8 hour word day and compensation ||
 * international || Roosevelt wanted to use american power to influence world; didn't want euorpe to interfere in latin america || platt amendment gave the the right to stop foreign powers from interfering with new nation because he believed that civilized countries could interfere with uncivilized nation, america civilized + Monroe doctrine =able to interfere with latin america ||
 * child labor || children forced to work dangerous conditions/ small or no pay) - women wanted to abolish it || in 1916 the keating-owen act was passed which banned the shipment of goods produced by children ||